Samia Mahmood

There exists a shortage of studies that establish linkages between entrepreneurial orientation an... more There exists a shortage of studies that establish linkages between entrepreneurial orientation and debt financing in family businesses. In line with this research stream, the purpose of this chapter is to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and debt financing of family businesses. Specifically, the study investigates how the five entrepreneurial orientation dimensions-risk-taking, innovativeness, proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy influence family business debt financing. By adopting a qualitative research methodology and based on empirical evidence gathered through a 10-case study design involving face-to-face interviews with owners of family businesses in Nigeria, the study examines the influence of entrepreneurial orientation on debt financing. The results suggest that the entrepreneurial orientation of family businesses seems to play a pivotal role in influencing debt financing. If a firm is entrepreneurial-oriented, it is reasonable to expect that it will focus attention on new and emerging opportunities for obtaining debt financing. The study advances research on entrepreneurial orientation and debt financing in family businesses. It develops an empirically theoretical framework at the intersection of the family business and entrepreneurial orientation research, filling a gap in the literature. Future research could substantiate the findings of this study on a broader empirical base, using quantitative methods. This study offers a new perspective to the study of entrepreneurial orientation and, at the same time, contributes with findings from research on entrepreneurial orientation to the study of debt financing in family businesses.

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Transformation or Retaining the Status Quo

Handbook of Research on Sustainable Tourism and Hotel Operations in Global Hypercompetition

This chapter focuses on the dynamics of MHC-SME collaboration on sustainability in an emerging co... more This chapter focuses on the dynamics of MHC-SME collaboration on sustainability in an emerging country context. The findings show that MHC sustainability policy is generally driven from headquarters and that economic sustainability has priority over environmental and social sustainability. By contrast, SMEs appear to be able to initiate fully sustainable strategies based on the culture, tradition, family history, industry, and ethical standing of the owners. The interaction of MHCs and SMEs in relation to sustainability involves varying factors at the macro, meso, and micro levels. However, the micro level factor (i.e., human agency) seems to be the determining factor of the relationship. The authors provide rich contextual data by adopting a qualitative research method (case study) based on primary data, which is rare in international business literature.

format_quoteMHC collaborates with local suppliers for sustainability, achieving a 40% supplier share and implementing various eco-friendly practices including recycling and waste management.format_quote

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FNGOs and microfinance delivery: The institutional logic perspective

FNGOs and financial inclusion: Investigating the impact of microcredit on employment growth in Ghana

The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 2019

Financial non-governmental organizations (FNGOs) are regulated microfinance institutions that ope... more Financial non-governmental organizations (FNGOs) are regulated microfinance institutions that operate with a social welfare logic in the delivery of microcredit to the financially excluded in Ghana. The microcredit is aimed at supporting the financially excluded individuals to create sustainable micro and small enterprises (MSEs) for the generation of both skilled and unskilled employment. From the institutional theory perspective, this study aims at investigating the impact of microcredit provided by FNGOs on employment growth among MSEs in Ghana. The major contribution of this study is the fact that, there is a little study on FNGOs and their impact on employment growth in the Ghanaian context. Therefore, this is one of the few studies that highlights the role of FNGOs in promoting financial inclusion through the provision of microcredit for employment generation purposes. Through a multiple regression analysis, the study uses primary data collected from 506 MSEs in Ghana. The res...

format_quoteA unit increase in loan amount adequacy leads to a 10.1% increase in employment growth among MSEs.format_quote

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Developing entrepreneurship in Africa: investigating critical resource challenges

Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 2018

Purpose By drawing upon institutional theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the rol... more Purpose By drawing upon institutional theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of four critical resources (credit, electricity, contract enforcement and political governance) in explaining the quality of entrepreneurship and the depth of the supporting entrepreneurship ecosystem in Africa. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative approach based on ordinary least squares regression analysis was used. Three data sources were employed. First, the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) of 35 African countries was used to measure the quality of entrepreneurship and the depth of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Africa which represents the dependent variable. Second, the World Bank’s data on access to credit, electricity and contract enforcement in Africa were also employed as explanatory variables. Third, the Ibrahim Index of African Governance was used as an explanatory variable. Finally, country-specific data on four control variables (GDP, foreign direct investment, ...

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Optimal microfinance loan size and poverty reduction amongst female entrepreneurs in Pakistan

Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 2014

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of microfinance loans on poverty red... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of microfinance loans on poverty reduction amongst women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. The authors set out to establish whether there exists an optimal loan size to attain the objectives of women entrepreneurs and poverty reduction in this country. Design/methodology/approach – This exploratory study is based upon an empirical investigation of 123 semi structured interviews as well as in-depth, semi structured interviews with a sub sample of ten women entrepreneurs who secured microfinance loans for their new or established enterprises. Findings – Emergent results show that access to finance is important for female entrepreneurs and helps them realise their potential as entrepreneurs. An optimal, poverty reduction, microfinance size has been identified. A range of entrepreneurial characteristics were found to be critical to the success of women led enterprises in general and to poverty reduction amongst their families in part...

Access to finance and the role of microfinance for women entrepreneurs in Pakistan

Microfinance is considered to be a promising solution for poverty reduction and entrepreneurship ... more Microfinance is considered to be a promising solution for poverty reduction and entrepreneurship development in the developing as well as developed economies. The central argument of the thesis is that microfinance services to poor entrepreneurial women helps in the development of their enterprise and entrepreneurial abilities. The thesis also investigates the role of microfinance in women’s economic empowerment, well-being of the family and further access to finance from commercial banks. The study is guided by the current state of knowledge and previous research on the impact of microfinance on women’s development. This empirical study is based on 300 questionnaire responses from women borrowers from microfinance institutions. The findings are triangulated with 50 interviews from women entrepreneurs and 14 interviews from loan officers and heads of microfinance providers to gain a deeper insight into finance constraints on women in Pakistan and to seek the lenders’ point of view. ...

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Access to entrepreneurial finance by women and poverty reduction in Pakistan

Effectiveness of Microfinance Integrated Approaches in Supporting Women’s Empowerment and Well-being of Family

This study deals with the effect of microfinance on women’s empowerment in Pakistan. This paper d... more This study deals with the effect of microfinance on women’s empowerment in Pakistan. This paper draws upon Longwe's framework of empowerment to examine the impact of microfinance’s innovative and integrated approaches on women’s empowerment and the well-being of the family, based on survey data collected from 300 women clients of three microfinance institutions (MFIs) from four districts of the Punjab, Pakistan. The findings showed the effectiveness of microfinance loans as positively impacting on women empowerment when credit is accompanied with financial services, enterprise development and social and welfare services. Analysis carried out using the Ordinal Logistic Regression suggests receiving microcredit tends to increase the empowerment and well-being of women. The result of this study are useful for microfinance providers and policy makers to better understand the complexities and interlinkages of gender, social and domestic norms in developing policy and microfinance pro...

Does institutional logic matter in microfinance delivery? An empirical study of microfinance clients

International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research

Purpose From an institutional theory perspective, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the... more Purpose From an institutional theory perspective, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the combined impact of financial capital (microcredit) and human capital development (entrepreneurship training) delivered by financial non-governmental organisations (FNGOs) on the performance of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach Adopting a multiple linear regression analysis, the study used primary data collected from 506 Ghanaian MSEs. Microcredit was measured using four main constructs, namely, loan cost, loan amount, the flexibility of loan repayment and loan accessibility. Entrepreneurship training was measured using four main constructs, namely, training content, training efficiency, training frequency and training accessibility. MSE performance was also measured using three main indicators, namely, sales, employment and profitability growth. The study controlled for business age, industry category, manager’s educational level and gender. Findin...

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Gender, Microcredit and Poverty Alleviation in a Developing Country: The Case of Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan

Journal of International Development

Gender, Microcredit and Poverty Alleviation in a Developing Country: The Case of Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan

Journal of International Development

Optimal microfinance loan size and poverty reduction amongst female entrepreneurs in Pakistan

by Professor Javed G Hussain and Samia Mahmood

Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 2014

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of microfinance loans on poverty redu... more Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of microfinance loans on poverty reduction amongst women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. The authors set out to establish whether there exists an optimal loan size to attain the objectives of women entrepreneurs and poverty reduction in this country. Design/methodology/approach -This exploratory study is based upon an empirical investigation of 123 semi structured interviews as well as in-depth, semi structured interviews with a sub sample of ten women entrepreneurs who secured microfinance loans for their new or established enterprises. Findings -Emergent results show that access to finance is important for female entrepreneurs and helps them realise their potential as entrepreneurs. An optimal, poverty reduction, microfinance size has been identified. A range of entrepreneurial characteristics were found to be critical to the success of women led enterprises in general and to poverty reduction amongst their families in particular. Research limitations/implications -This research focuses upon a relatively small sample of female entrepreneurs operating in the Pakistani economy. Although the results could be relevant to women entrepreneurs in other developing countries, caution should be exercised when attempting to generalise these finding to other contexts. Originality/value -Emergent results make a contribution to research on women entrepreneurship in general and optimal microfinance loan size in particular.

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Microfinance and women entrepreneurs in Pakistan

International Journal of Gender and …, Jan 1, 2011

... Nepal and Pakistan micro-finance and microenterprise development: their contribution to the... more ... Nepal and Pakistan micro-finance and microenterprise development: their contribution to the ... Rallen, T., Ghazanfar, SM (2006), &amp;quot;Microfinance: recent experience, future possibilities&amp;quot;, The ... Roomi, MA (2005), &amp;quot;Women entrepreneurs in Pakistan: profile, challenges and practical ...

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